Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia are conditions related to abnormal blood glucose levels. Hypoglycemia refers to blood glucose levels that are lower than normal (below 70 mg/dL), often caused by taking too much insulin, skipping meals, excessive exercise, or excessive alcohol consumption. Symptoms can include trembling, sweating, irritability, confusion, and in severe cases, seizures or unconsciousness. On the other hand, hyperglycemia is characterized by blood glucose levels that are higher than normal (above 130 mg/dL fasting, or above 180 mg/dL postprandially), often resulting from too little insulin, excess carbohydrate consumption, physical inactivity, stress, or illness. Symptoms may include frequent urination, excessive thirst, fatigue, blurred vision, and in severe cases, diabetic ketoacidosis. Both conditions can be dangerous if not managed properly, and should be addressed immediately to prevent further complications.
References:
Mayo Clinic. (2020). "Hypoglycemia." www.mayoclinic.org. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypoglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373685
American Diabetes Association. (2020). "Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar)." www.diabetes.org. https://www.diabetes.org/diabetes/medication-management/blood-glucose-testing-and-control/hypoglycemia
American Diabetes Association. (2019). "Hyperglycemia (High Blood Sugar)." www.diabetes.org. https://www.diabetes.org/diabetes/medication-management/blood-glucose-testing-and-control/hyperglycemia
Mayo Clinic. (2020). "Hyperglycemia in diabetes." www.mayoclinic.org. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hyperglycemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20373631
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