Surgical interventions for severe GERD cases are considered when conservative measures and medications fail to provide adequate relief. Fundoplication is a common surgical option, involving the wrapping of the top of the stomach around the lower esophagus to reinforce the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). This procedure aims to prevent acid reflux by enhancing the barrier function of the LES.
Another option is LINX surgery, which involves placing a magnetic ring around the LES to augment its function. While these surgeries can be effective, they are not without risks, and the decision to pursue surgical intervention is made on an individual basis after careful consideration of the patient's overall health and preferences.
Reference:
1. Peters, M. J., Mukhtar, A., & Yunus, R. M. (2019). Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials comparing open and laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery. The American Journal of Surgery, 218(4), 754–761. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2019.03.005](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2019.03.005)
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