Below is a list of some neurotransmitters and chemical pathways that affect cognition.
1. Acetylcholine: Essential for memory and learning. A deficit is associated with conditions like Alzheimer's disease.
2. Dopamine: Influences motivation, reward, and attention. Dysregulation can contribute to cognitive disorders like ADHD and Parkinson's disease.
3. Serotonin: Regulates mood and emotion. Imbalances may affect cognition, potentially contributing to depression and anxiety disorders.
4. Glutamate: A major excitatory neurotransmitter involved in learning and memory. Dysregulation can lead to cognitive impairments and neurodegenerative diseases.
5. GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid): An inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps control neural excitability. Imbalances can affect cognitive function and may be related to anxiety disorders.
6. Norepinephrine: Modulates attention, arousal, and stress response. Disruptions can impact focus and concentration.
7. Histamine: Involved in sleep-wake cycles and attention. Altered histamine levels can affect cognitive function and sleep patterns.
8. Endorphins: Play a role in pain perception and mood. They can influence cognitive function indirectly through their effects on overall well-being.
9. Cortisol: A stress hormone that, when chronically elevated, can impair memory and cognitive function.
10. Neurotrophins (e.g., Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, BDNF): Support neuron growth, survival, and synaptic plasticity, crucial for learning and memory.
Maintaining a balanced neurotransmitter system and chemical pathways is essential for optimal cognitive health. Dysregulation of these pathways can contribute to cognitive disorders and mental health conditions.
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