Iron deficiency anemia can serve as a potential indicator of underlying gastrointestinal (GI) issues. The absorption of iron predominantly occurs in the small intestine, and any disruption or impairment in the GI tract can hinder iron uptake and utilization.
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD)
Those such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, can significantly impact iron absorption due to chronic inflammation and damage to the intestinal lining.
This chronic inflammation interferes with the proper functioning of the enterocytes responsible for iron absorption. Consequently, individuals with IBD are at an increased risk of developing iron deficiency anemia.
Celiac Disease
Celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion, can also contribute to iron deficiency anemia.
In celiac disease, the ingestion of gluten leads to damage to the small intestinal villi, impairing nutrient absorption, including iron. Malabsorption of iron in individuals with celiac disease can result in iron deficiency anemia.
GI Bleeding
Moreover, gastrointestinal bleeding is another potential cause of iron deficiency anemia. Conditions such as gastric ulcers, colorectal cancer, or gastrointestinal tumors can lead to chronic bleeding, resulting in iron loss. The continuous blood loss depletes iron stores, eventually leading to anemia if left untreated.
Conclusion
Diagnosing the underlying GI problems associated with iron deficiency anemia requires a comprehensive evaluation by a healthcare professional. Diagnostic tests such as endoscopy, colonoscopy, or blood tests for celiac disease may be performed to identify the root cause. Treatment involves addressing the underlying GI condition in addition to iron supplementation to replenish iron stores.
References:
Camaschella, C. (2015). Iron-deficiency anemia. New England Journal of Medicine, 372(19), 1832-1843.
Kaitha, S., Bashir, M., & Ali, T. (2017). Iron deficiency anemia in inflammatory bowel disease. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, 8(4), 108-119.
Peyrin-Biroulet, L., Williet, N., & Cacoub, P. (2011). Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency across indications: a systematic review. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 94(6), 1590S-1598S.
Rogler, G., & Vavricka, S. (2015). Anemia in inflammatory bowel disease: an under-estimated problem?. Frontiers in medicine, 1, 58. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2014.00058
Gujral, N., & Freeman, H. J. (2012). Celiac disease: Prevalence, diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 18(42), 6036-6059.
Fasano, A., & Catassi, C. (2012). Celiac disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 367(25), 2419-2426.
Rockey, D. C. (2012). Occult gastrointestinal bleeding. New England Journal of Medicine, 367(13), 1248-1257.
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